Neoclassical refers to a cultural movement that emerged in the late 18th century, characterized by a revival of classical art and architecture from ancient Greece and Rome. It emphasized harmony, proportion, and simplicity, often drawing inspiration from classical themes and styles. Neoclassical artists and architects sought to convey ideals of beauty and order, reflecting the Enlightenment's focus on reason and rationality. In literature, neoclassical writers, such as Alexander Pope and John Dryden, adhered to strict forms and rules, valuing clarity and moral lessons. This movement influenced various fields, including painting, sculpture, and music, promoting a return to classical ideals and techniques throughout Europe and beyond.