Neo-Confucianism is a philosophical movement that emerged in China during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). It builds upon the teachings of Confucius, emphasizing moral integrity, social harmony, and the importance of education. Neo-Confucian thinkers sought to integrate elements of Buddhism and Taoism into Confucian thought, creating a more comprehensive worldview. Key figures in Neo-Confucianism include Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming, who developed ideas about the nature of knowledge and the self. This movement significantly influenced Chinese culture, governance, and education, shaping societal values and ethical standards for centuries.