Zhu Xi was a prominent Chinese philosopher and scholar during the Song Dynasty, born in 1130. He is best known for his contributions to Confucianism, particularly through his interpretation and synthesis of earlier Confucian texts. Zhu Xi emphasized the importance of moral self-cultivation and the study of classical texts, which greatly influenced Chinese education and philosophy. Zhu Xi's ideas led to the development of Neo-Confucianism, a movement that sought to address metaphysical questions and integrate elements of Buddhism and Taoism. His commentaries on the Four Books became essential reading in the civil service examination system, shaping the intellectual landscape of China for centuries.