The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is a territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. This area is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, but it has a majority ethnic Armenian population. The conflict escalated into a war in the early 1990s after the Soviet Union collapsed, leading to significant casualties and displacement. Despite a ceasefire in 1994, tensions remained high, with periodic outbreaks of violence. In 2020, a six-week war resulted in significant territorial changes, with Azerbaijan regaining control over parts of the region. The situation remains unresolved, with ongoing diplomatic efforts to achieve lasting peace.