Artsakh, also known as Nagorno-Karabakh, is a landlocked region in the South Caucasus, primarily populated by ethnic Armenians. It has a complex history, marked by territorial disputes between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The region declared independence in 1991, leading to a protracted conflict that resulted in significant loss of life and displacement. The area is characterized by its mountainous terrain and rich cultural heritage, including ancient monasteries and churches. Despite its declaration of independence, Artsakh is not widely recognized as a sovereign state, and its status remains a contentious issue in international relations.