Nagorno-Karabakh is a landlocked region in the South Caucasus, located within the borders of Azerbaijan. It has a predominantly ethnic Armenian population and has been the center of a long-standing territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The conflict escalated into a war in the early 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet Union, leading to significant loss of life and displacement. A ceasefire was established in 1994, but tensions have persisted, with periodic outbreaks of violence, including a major conflict in 2020. The region's status remains unresolved, complicating relations between the two countries.