"Post-Soviet" refers to the period following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. This era is characterized by the emergence of 15 independent countries, including Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. These nations transitioned from a centralized, communist system to various forms of governance, often facing economic and political challenges. During the post-Soviet period, many countries experienced significant changes in their political structures, economies, and social dynamics. Some nations, like Estonia and Lithuania, pursued rapid reforms and integration with Western Europe, while others struggled with issues such as corruption and authoritarianism. The legacy of the Soviet era continues to influence these countries today.