The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict is a territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. This area is predominantly populated by ethnic Armenians, but it is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan. The conflict has its roots in the early 20th century, escalating into a full-scale war in the late 1980s and early 1990s, resulting in significant casualties and displacement. Despite a ceasefire in 1994, tensions have remained high, with periodic outbreaks of violence. A major flare-up occurred in 2020, leading to a brief but intense war. The situation remains complex, involving historical grievances, national identities, and geopolitical interests from regional powers.