Moorish Spain refers to the period when the Moors, a group of Muslim peoples from North Africa, ruled parts of the Iberian Peninsula from the 8th to the 15th centuries. This era began in 711 AD when the Moors invaded and established control over much of what is now Spain and Portugal. Their influence led to significant advancements in science, architecture, and agriculture. During this time, cities like Cordoba and Granada became cultural centers, showcasing stunning architecture such as the Alhambra and the Great Mosque of Cordoba. The coexistence of Muslims, Christians, and Jews fostered a rich exchange of ideas, contributing to the development of art, philosophy, and technology in Europe.