Mineral reserves refer to the quantities of minerals that are economically viable to extract from the earth. These reserves are identified through exploration and assessment, ensuring that the minerals can be mined profitably. Common examples of minerals include gold, copper, and iron ore. The classification of mineral reserves typically includes proven and probable reserves. Proven reserves are those that have been confirmed through drilling and testing, while probable reserves are estimated based on geological data. Understanding mineral reserves is crucial for industries such as mining and construction, as they determine the availability of resources for future use.