Microsatellites, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are short, repetitive sequences of DNA that are found throughout the genomes of many organisms. They typically consist of 1 to 6 base pairs repeated multiple times, and their length can vary significantly. These sequences are useful in genetic studies because they are highly polymorphic, meaning they can differ greatly between individuals, making them valuable for genetic mapping, population genetics, and forensic analysis. Due to their variability, microsatellites can serve as markers for identifying genetic diversity and relationships among species. They are often used in biodiversity studies and conservation efforts to monitor genetic health in populations. Additionally, microsatellites play a role in evolutionary biology by helping researchers understand how species evolve over time.