Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), also known as microsatellites, are short, repetitive sequences of DNA that consist of 1 to 6 base pairs repeated multiple times. These sequences are found throughout the genome and can vary in length among individuals, making them useful for genetic diversity studies and population genetics. SSRs are commonly used in molecular biology for applications such as DNA fingerprinting, marker-assisted selection in plant breeding, and forensic analysis. Their high variability and ease of detection make them valuable tools for researchers studying genetic relationships and evolutionary processes.