Microfabrication techniques are methods used to create tiny structures and devices, often at the scale of micrometers or nanometers. These techniques are essential in fields like semiconductor manufacturing, MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems), and biotechnology. Common methods include photolithography, where light is used to transfer patterns onto a substrate, and etching, which removes material to create desired shapes. Another important technique is 3D printing, which allows for the layer-by-layer construction of micro-scale objects. Additionally, self-assembly techniques enable molecules to organize themselves into structured patterns. These methods are crucial for developing advanced technologies, including sensors and microfluidic devices.