Mesopotamian archaeology focuses on the study of ancient civilizations that thrived in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, primarily in modern-day Iraq. This area is often referred to as the "cradle of civilization" because it was home to some of the earliest urban societies, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. Archaeologists excavate sites to uncover artifacts, structures, and inscriptions that provide insights into the daily lives, cultures, and technologies of these ancient peoples. Key discoveries in Mesopotamian archaeology include the Ziggurat of Ur, a massive step pyramid, and the Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest written legal codes. Excavations have revealed important information about agriculture, trade, and social organization in these societies. The study of Mesopotamian archaeology helps us understand the foundations of human civilization and the development of writing,