Mediterranean history encompasses the rich and diverse events that have shaped the region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. This area has been a crossroads of cultures, trade, and conflict for thousands of years. Ancient civilizations such as the Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans thrived here, contributing to advancements in art, philosophy, and governance. The sea facilitated trade routes that connected Europe, Africa, and Asia, fostering economic and cultural exchanges. Throughout history, the Mediterranean has also been a site of significant conflicts, including the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage. The spread of religions like Christianity and Islam further influenced the region's dynamics. Today, the Mediterranean remains vital for international trade and cultural interactions, reflecting its