Medieval Spain, spanning roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century, was a period marked by significant cultural and political changes. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and saw the rise of various kingdoms, including the Visigoths. The region was later influenced by the Islamic Caliphate, leading to a rich blend of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish cultures, especially in cities like Toledo and Cordoba. The Reconquista, a series of military campaigns, aimed to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, culminating in 1492 with the fall of Granada. This era also witnessed the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition and the unification of the crowns of