Medieval Islamic Science refers to the advancements in various scientific fields during the Islamic Golden Age, roughly from the 8th to the 14th centuries. Scholars in the Islamic Empire made significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and chemistry, often building on the knowledge of earlier civilizations like the Greeks and Indians. Prominent figures such as Al-Khwarizmi, known as the father of algebra, and Ibn Sina, a key figure in medicine, played crucial roles in these developments. Their work laid the foundation for modern science and influenced European scholars during the Renaissance.