The Islamic Empire refers to a historical period when Islamic rule and culture spread across vast regions, beginning in the 7th century. It started with the life of the Prophet Muhammad and expanded rapidly through conquests and trade, reaching parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia. The empire was known for its advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy, significantly influencing global knowledge. At its height, the Islamic Empire included notable dynasties such as the Umayyads and Abbasids. Major cities like Baghdad and Cordoba became centers of learning and culture, fostering a rich exchange of ideas and traditions that shaped the world during the Middle Ages.