Medieval Bosnia was a region in the Balkans that emerged as a distinct entity during the 12th century. It was known for its diverse population, including Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs, and was influenced by both Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity. The area became a kingdom in the 14th century, with Ban Kulin being one of its notable rulers, promoting trade and cultural development. The kingdom faced challenges from neighboring powers, including the Ottoman Empire and the Hungarian Kingdom. By the late 15th century, Bosnia fell under Ottoman control, leading to significant changes in its social and religious landscape. The region's unique blend of cultures and traditions continued to evolve during this period.