Medical sterilization is a process used to eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, from medical instruments and surfaces. This is crucial in healthcare settings to prevent infections and ensure patient safety. Common methods of sterilization include autoclaving, which uses steam under pressure, and chemical sterilization, which employs disinfectants. Sterilization is essential for items that come into contact with sterile body tissues, such as surgical instruments and implants. By ensuring that these tools are free from contaminants, healthcare providers can reduce the risk of surgical site infections and promote better outcomes for patients undergoing medical procedures.