The Maya civilization was an ancient culture that thrived in parts of present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. Known for their advanced knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, and writing, the Mayas developed a complex calendar system and hieroglyphic script. They built impressive cities with large pyramids, temples, and palaces, showcasing their architectural skills. The Mayas were also skilled farmers, cultivating crops like maize, beans, and squash. Their society was organized into city-states, each ruled by a king. Despite their achievements, the civilization faced decline due to factors like warfare, drought, and resource depletion, leading to the abandonment of many cities by the 10th century.