The Mayan numeral system is a vigesimal (base-20) counting system used by the ancient Maya civilization. It consists of three symbols: a dot representing one, a bar representing five, and a shell symbol representing zero. This system allows for the representation of large numbers through combinations of these symbols. In the Mayan numeral system, numbers are written vertically, with the lowest values at the bottom. The placement of dots and bars in each level indicates different powers of twenty, making it efficient for calculations and record-keeping. This unique approach to mathematics reflects the advanced understanding of numbers by the Maya.