The Mayan civilization had a rich belief system centered around the idea of balance and harmony in the universe. They worshipped a variety of gods, each representing different aspects of life, such as agriculture, rain, and the sun. Rituals and ceremonies were essential to appease these deities and ensure prosperity. The Mayan calendar played a crucial role in their beliefs, guiding agricultural practices and religious events. They believed in cycles of time, with each cycle influencing their lives. The Popol Vuh, a sacred text, contains myths and stories that reflect their understanding of creation and the importance of ancestors.