The Matabele Kingdom, also known as the Ndebele Kingdom, was established in the early 19th century by Mzilikazi, a former lieutenant of the Zulu king Shaka. It was located in present-day Zimbabwe and became known for its strong military organization and rich cultural traditions. The kingdom thrived on agriculture, cattle herding, and trade. The Matabele people were known for their distinctive art, music, and warrior culture. The kingdom faced challenges from European colonization in the late 19th century, particularly from the British South Africa Company. Ultimately, the Matabele Kingdom was incorporated into British colonial rule, leading to significant changes in the region's social and political landscape.