Manuscript illumination is the art of decorating handwritten texts with intricate designs, illustrations, and gold or silver leaf. This practice flourished during the Middle Ages, particularly in Europe, where monks and scribes created beautifully adorned books, often religious in nature. The illuminations served both to enhance the visual appeal of the manuscripts and to convey important themes or messages. Illuminated manuscripts were typically produced on parchment or vellum and featured vibrant colors and detailed imagery. Notable examples include the Book of Kells and the Codex Gigas. Today, these works are highly valued for their artistic and historical significance, providing insight into the culture and beliefs of their time.