The Madrid School refers to a group of Spanish artists and intellectuals active primarily in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This movement is characterized by its focus on realism and naturalism, often depicting everyday life and social issues. Key figures include painters like Joaquín Sorolla and José Royo, who sought to capture the essence of Spanish culture through their works. In addition to visual arts, the Madrid School also influenced literature and philosophy, promoting ideas of modernism and social reform. Writers such as Antonio Machado and Ramón María del Valle-Inclán contributed to this cultural movement, emphasizing the importance of individual experience and the human condition in their narratives.