The "Macedonian era" refers to a period in ancient history primarily associated with the rise of the Macedonian Empire under the leadership of Philip II and his son, Alexander the Great. This era, which began in the 4th century BCE, marked significant military conquests and the expansion of Greek culture across vast territories, including parts of Asia and Africa. During this time, Alexander the Great established one of the largest empires in history, spreading Hellenistic culture and influencing regions far beyond Macedonia. The era is characterized by advancements in art, science, and philosophy, as well as the blending of cultures that occurred as a result of these conquests.