Philip II was the king of Macedonia from 359 to 336 BC. He is best known for unifying the Greek city-states under his rule, which laid the groundwork for the future expansion of his son, Alexander the Great. Philip was a skilled military leader and innovator, introducing new tactics and formations that transformed the Macedonian army into a powerful force. In addition to his military achievements, Philip II was also a shrewd diplomat. He formed strategic alliances through marriages and treaties, which helped him gain control over neighboring territories. His reign marked a significant turning point in ancient history, setting the stage for the rise of the Hellenistic era.