Hellenistic culture emerged after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE and lasted until the Roman conquest of the Greek world. It blended elements of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures, leading to advancements in art, science, and philosophy. Major cities like Alexandria became centers of learning and cultural exchange. During this period, notable figures such as Euclid in mathematics and Archimedes in engineering made significant contributions. The spread of Hellenistic ideas influenced various regions, promoting the use of the Greek language and the establishment of new schools of thought, including Stoicism and Epicureanism.