Welsh rulers were leaders who governed the various kingdoms and principalities in Wales during the medieval period. Notable figures included Llywelyn the Great and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, who sought to unify Wales and resist English domination. These rulers often faced challenges from both internal factions and external threats, particularly from the English crown. The political landscape of Wales was complex, with multiple regions ruled by different chieftains and kings. The struggle for power among these rulers shaped Welsh history, leading to significant events such as the Glyndŵr Rising in the early 15th century, which aimed to establish Welsh independence from England.