The Kingdom of Bavaria was a historical state in central Europe that existed from 1806 until 1918. It was part of the German Empire and was known for its rich culture, beautiful landscapes, and significant contributions to art and science. The capital city, Munich, became a cultural hub, famous for its festivals, including the Oktoberfest. Bavaria was ruled by a series of kings from the House of Wittelsbach, with King Ludwig II being one of the most notable monarchs. He is remembered for commissioning stunning castles like Neuschwanstein, which attract millions of visitors each year. The kingdom played a vital role in shaping modern Bavaria, which is now a federal state in Germany.