King Willem III was the King of the Netherlands from 1849 until his death in 1890. He was born on February 19, 1817, and became king after the death of his mother, Queen Anna Paulowna. His reign was marked by political struggles and efforts to modernize the Dutch monarchy. Willem III was known for his strong personality and involvement in politics, often clashing with the Dutch Parliament. He played a significant role in the development of the Netherlands during the 19th century, including supporting economic growth and infrastructure projects. He passed away on November 23, 1890.