King Nebuchadnezzar II was a prominent ruler of the ancient Babylonian Empire, reigning from 605 to 562 BCE. He is best known for his military conquests, which expanded the empire and included the capture of Jerusalem in 586 BCE. His reign marked a period of great prosperity and cultural development in Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar II is also famous for his impressive architectural projects, including the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. He is often depicted in historical texts as a powerful and ambitious leader, leaving a lasting legacy in Mesopotamian history.