Babylon was a significant city in ancient Mesopotamia, located near the Euphrates River in present-day Iraq. It is renowned for its impressive architecture, including the famous Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Babylon was a center of trade, culture, and learning, influencing many aspects of civilization. The city reached its peak during the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar II, who expanded its territory and built magnificent structures. Babylon's legacy includes contributions to law, mathematics, and astronomy, with the Code of Hammurabi being one of the earliest written legal codes in history.