King Luis I was the monarch of Portugal from 1861 until his assassination in 1889. He was born on March 31, 1838, and was the son of King Ferdinand II and Queen Maria II. His reign was marked by political instability and economic challenges, as well as efforts to modernize the country. During his time as king, Luis I focused on improving infrastructure and promoting education. He was also known for his interest in the arts and sciences, supporting various cultural initiatives. Despite his efforts, his reign ended tragically when he was killed in a terrorist attack in Lisbon.