King Carlos I was the monarch of Portugal from 1889 until his assassination in 1908. He was born on September 28, 1863, and became king after the death of his father, King Luis I. His reign was marked by political instability and social unrest, as well as efforts to modernize the country. Carlos I was known for his interest in the arts and sciences, but his rule faced criticism due to economic challenges and colonial conflicts. On February 1, 1908, he and his family were attacked in Lisbon, leading to his death and the end of the monarchy in Portugal.