King Luís I of Portugal reigned from 1861 to 1889. He was the son of King Pedro V and Queen Maria II, and he became king after his brother's death. Luís I is known for his efforts to modernize Portugal, including improvements in infrastructure and education. During his reign, Luís I also focused on expanding Portugal's colonial empire, particularly in Africa and Asia. He was a patron of the arts and sciences, supporting various cultural initiatives. His reign ended with his death in 1889, and he was succeeded by his son, Carlos I.