King Louis I of Portugal, also known as Luís I, reigned from 1861 to 1889. He was the son of King Ferdinand II and Queen Maria II and belonged to the House of Braganza. His reign was marked by significant political and social changes, including the rise of the republican movement in Portugal. Louis I was known for his interest in the arts and sciences, particularly in oceanography and marine biology. He supported various cultural initiatives and was a patron of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences. His reign ended with his death in 1889, after which his son, Carlos I, ascended to the throne.