Luís I was the King of Portugal from 1861 until his assassination in 1889. He was born on October 28, 1838, and was the son of King Ferdinand II and Queen Maria II. Luís I is known for his efforts to modernize Portugal and improve its economy, as well as for his support of the arts and sciences. During his reign, Luís I faced various challenges, including political instability and social unrest. He was a patron of the Portuguese Navy and promoted maritime exploration. His legacy includes the establishment of several cultural institutions and the expansion of Portugal's overseas territories.