Kidney surgery refers to various surgical procedures performed to treat conditions affecting the kidneys, such as tumors, stones, or infections. The most common types include nephrectomy, which involves removing part or all of a kidney, and lithotripsy, a procedure to break up kidney stones. These surgeries can be done using traditional open techniques or minimally invasive methods, such as laparoscopic surgery. Recovery from kidney surgery varies depending on the procedure and the patient's overall health. Patients may experience pain, swelling, or fatigue, but most can return to normal activities within a few weeks. Follow-up care is essential to monitor kidney function and ensure proper healing.