Jaw diseases refer to a variety of conditions that affect the jawbone and surrounding structures, including the teeth, muscles, and joints. Common jaw diseases include temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ), which can cause pain and discomfort in the jaw area, and jaw fractures, which may result from trauma or injury. Other conditions include jaw tumors, which can be benign or malignant, and periodontal disease, affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage symptoms and prevent complications associated with these diseases.