James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Hamilton (c. 1658–1712) was a Scottish nobleman and politician. He was born into the prominent Hamilton family and became the Duke in 1698 after the death of his father. He served as a member of the Scottish Parliament and was involved in various political matters during a time of significant change in Scotland. The 3rd Duke was known for his support of the Union of the Crowns and later the Acts of Union 1707, which unified the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. He was also a patron of the arts and contributed to the cultural life of his time.