Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī (1838–1897) was a prominent Islamic thinker and political activist known for his efforts to promote Islamic unity and reform. Born in Afghanistan, he traveled extensively throughout the Middle East and Europe, engaging with various intellectual movements and advocating for modernization within the Islamic world. Al-Afghānī is often associated with the Salafi movement and emphasized the importance of education and political activism. He believed that Muslims should embrace modern science and technology while remaining true to their religious roots. His ideas influenced many later thinkers and movements, contributing to the discourse on Islamic reform and nationalism.