The Italian Penal System is designed to maintain public order and ensure justice through a structured legal framework. It includes various stages, such as investigation, trial, and sentencing, governed by the Italian Penal Code. Offenses are categorized into felonies and misdemeanors, with penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment. Judges play a crucial role in the system, overseeing trials and determining sentences. The system emphasizes rehabilitation, aiming to reintegrate offenders into society. Additionally, the Constitution of Italy guarantees the right to a fair trial, ensuring that all individuals receive due process under the law.