The Italian Monarchy was established in 1861 when the Kingdom of Italy was unified under King Victor Emmanuel II. This monarchy lasted until 1946, when a referendum led to the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Italian Republic. The royal family, known as the House of Savoy, played a significant role in Italy's unification and governance during this period. Throughout its existence, the Italian monarchy faced various challenges, including political instability and the impact of both World Wars. The last king, Umberto II, reigned for only a short time before the monarchy was dissolved. Today, the legacy of the monarchy is still a topic of interest in Italy's history.