The Italian Republic is a country located in Southern Europe, known for its rich history, culture, and contributions to art and science. Established in 1946, it replaced the monarchy following a referendum that favored a republican form of government. The capital city is Rome, which is also famous for its ancient ruins and as the center of the Roman Catholic Church. Italy is a member of the European Union and has a diverse economy that includes industries such as fashion, automotive, and agriculture. The country is renowned for its cuisine, with dishes like pizza and pasta being popular worldwide. Italy's landscape features mountains, coastlines, and beautiful cities, making it a popular tourist destination.