Islamic Expansion refers to the period when the Islamic Empire rapidly grew in the 7th and 8th centuries. Following the death of the Prophet Muhammad, Muslim armies spread across the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe. This expansion was driven by a combination of military conquests, trade, and the appeal of Islam as a unifying religion. As the empire expanded, it facilitated the exchange of ideas, culture, and technology between different regions. Cities like Baghdad and Cordoba became centers of learning and innovation, contributing to advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy. This rich cultural exchange laid the groundwork for future developments in the Islamic Golden Age.