The Abbasids were a major dynasty in Islamic history that ruled from 750 to 1258 CE. They came to power after overthrowing the Umayyad dynasty and established their capital in Baghdad, which became a center of culture, science, and trade. The Abbasid era is often regarded as the Golden Age of Islam, marked by significant advancements in various fields, including mathematics, medicine, and philosophy. Under the Abbasids, the Islamic empire expanded significantly, incorporating diverse cultures and peoples. The dynasty is known for promoting intellectual pursuits and fostering an environment where scholars could thrive. This period also saw the flourishing of arts and literature, contributing to the rich heritage of the Islamic world.