Isabel II of Spain was born on November 10, 1830, and became queen at the young age of three after her father, King Ferdinand VII, died. Her reign lasted from 1833 until 1868, a period marked by political instability and civil wars, including the Carlist Wars. Isabel faced challenges from various factions, leading to her eventual exile. In 1868, a revolution forced Isabel to leave Spain, and she lived in exile in France for many years. She officially abdicated the throne in 1870, and her son, Alfonso XII, later became king. Isabel II passed away on April 10, 1904.