Alfonso XII was the King of Spain from 1874 until his death in 1885. He was born on November 28, 1857, and became king after the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy following the First Spanish Republic. His reign is often noted for its efforts to modernize Spain and stabilize the country after years of political turmoil. During his time as king, Alfonso XII focused on economic reforms and improving relations with other nations. He also supported the development of infrastructure and education. His untimely death at the age of 27 led to the regency of his widow, Maria Christina of Austria, until their son could ascend the throne.